內政部國家公園署太魯閣國家公園管理處全球資訊網內政部國家公園署太魯閣國家公園管理處全球資訊網

財團法人國土規劃及不動產資訊中心

江瑞祥、李銘輝、紀建良

摘要

關鍵詞：智慧國家公園、物聯網、虛擬實境、擴增實境、無人空拍機

一、研究緣起

國家公園為自然環境及人文史蹟保存之重點優先區域，肩負環境維護及生態保育的重責大任。而國家公園業務包羅萬象，無論是因應氣候變遷、國土資源管理、保育研究監測、環境教育推廣、遊憩服務與災害防救等等，皆應充分結合資通訊技術（ICT），進行跨域整合。如何與時俱進以完善的經營計畫、管理概念來實施，並大大提升民眾服務需求及造訪的便利性，達成帶來國家公園與民眾之間的良性循環互動。發展先進之智慧國家公園為面對國家公園之發展，必要之規劃與願景。近年業界在物聯網 （IoT）技術大力發展，許多監控與服務變得更加即時與便利。藉由數據之即時監控及程式化，許多事件得以自動化，達到環境生態、能源監控之綜效。而即時監控所累積之數據，亦可做為政府資料開放及活化應用，並符合世界各國政府推動開放之趨勢。

二、研究方法及過程

本研究主要方法，主要採用如下二大方法項目：

(一) 文獻分析法

蒐集及分析現存、文字呈現形式的資料，包含個人發表文獻、官方出版與公佈之文獻、大眾傳播媒介報導等三大類。

(二)深度訪談法

深度訪談法係採無結構式或低結構式訪問(unstructured or structured interview)之作法；訪員只就研究題目相關關鍵性要點形成問題，在訪問時發問。採取深度訪談係為瞭解受訪者的主觀經驗、探究個人在其社會環境脈絡中的深度意義。

三、重要發現

經由多次前往太魯閣國家公園與管理處各單位人員訪談及資訊之收集，發現及瞭解太魯閣國家公園可以改進及加強之處：

(一) 缺乏長期性監控設施：監控資料無法延續，不利資料之開放及介接使用。

(二) 缺乏物聯網服務：監測資料需要物聯網路來串聯回傳所需監測之項目，如：車流統計、氣溫、空氣品質等。

(三) 行動裝置APP功能不足：無法提供更多加值應用，如：AR (擴增實境)、VR (虛擬實境)、LBS (擴增實境)等應用。

(四) 缺少專屬共同伺服器：上述相關技術應用需要伺服器來提供服務。

(五) 資料匯流、交換及存取機制：階段性專案缺少明確之資料匯流格式。

(六)  遊憩、導覽服務：可輔以AR (擴增實境)、VR (虛擬實境)、LBS (擴增實境)　等應用來提升遊憩、導覽之能力。

四、主要建議意見

綜觀以上觀察，本團隊給予太魯閣國家公園建議，用以改善或加強現有園區缺乏或不足之處：

(一) 建議一：長期性監控與資料匯流、交換及存取之建議

1.建立長期性監控，以持續性監控資料為基礎，開放資料供一般大眾應用。

2.建立階段性專案資料匯流標準，供各類型專案研究得以匯入研究資料。

3.與外部單位介接實用性資料，避免重覆建置相似功能之裝置系統。

4.綜整長期性監控資料與階段性專案資料以用於Open Data所用，供一般大眾存取應用。

5.上述開放資料可以應用在不同裝置上呈現，如：電子看板、網頁、APP。

(二) 建議二：遊憩體驗與導覽解說之建議

1.規劃AR (擴增實境)相關應用內容，加強民眾對遊憩體驗與導覽解說之印象。

2. 規劃VR (虛擬實境)相關應用內容，如：錄製360° / 720°環景影像。

3.應用LBS (適地性服務)來改善空間指標不足之問題。

4. 利用互動式地圖以便利遊客快速查詢所想關注的事物，如：台灣藍鵲分布點、杜鵑花分布點等。

(三)建議三：災難防治之建議

1. 建議可利用空拍機監看範圍廣闊之國家公園場域，瞭解不易進入之現場，如：土石坍方、違法伐木、違法盜獵等事項。

(四) 建議四：期初建議 (立即可行建議)

1. 進行基礎建設：建立共同伺服器、開發行動裝置APP。

2. 長期性監控：選定車流/遊客數統計系統做為長期性監控之期初項目，這些資料也是資料匯流的主要來源項目之一，可應用於Open Data並開放給一般大眾介接應用。

3. 階段性專案之匯流格式：規範階段性專案之匯流格式，供不同研究專案得以依照匯流格式之規範匯入資料到伺服器當中。

4. 規劃AR (擴增實境)相關內容之應用：選定重要景點，並規劃及建置預定呈現之AR內容，以加深遊客對遊憩及導覽之體驗。

5.規劃VR (虛擬實境)相關內容之應用：錄製360° / 720°環景影像，並規劃應用於APP之中。

6. 無人空拍機：期初先透過空拍機拍攝環景影像，以先瞭解空拍機之特性及性能狀況。

(五) 建議五：中長期建議

1. 進行基礎建設：加強共同伺服器之穩定度及可靠度，做高可用性服務之建置規劃。

2. 長期性監控：繼續選定不同停車場來裝置車流/遊客數統計系統，評估重要自然環境景點，如：櫻花週邊溫度監測、水質監測、空氣監測等。

3.資料介接：選定外部單位已有之實用服務內容，如：氣象資訊、公路資訊等。

4.規劃AR (擴增實境)相關內容之應用：建置點位資料及相關詮釋資料(Meta Data)。

5.無人空拍機：與專業空拍機廠商合作，利用無人空拍機來做環境監測。

 
隨著時間的進展，資訊科技亦不斷日新月異。結合實用適當之科技應用及概念來達成國家公園智慧化，進而促進保育區永續發展，增能保育工作，強化國家公園提供訪客的知性環境體驗與互動能力，降低遊憩衝擊的整合性發展，達成環境維護及生態保育全面深入，亦是全球先進國家公園不斷朝向之目標。

 
Abstract
Keywords: Wisdom National Park, IoT, VR, AR, Drone
 
As a National Park, this is the key priority area of the preservation of the natural environment and historical monuments. It takes heavy responsibility of ecological conservation on environmental maintenance. The national park encompassing everything including climate change, land and resources management, conservation research monitoring, the promotion of environmental education, recreation and Disaster Prevention and Relief Services, etc., all should be fully integrated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and cross-domain integration. How to improve the business plan and management concepts to implement; and greatly enhance the public service requirements and visit the convenience of reaching a positive cycle of National Parks and interaction between people? Developing an advanced wisdom National Park is the necessary planning and vision for development of a national park. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is much developed by industries. Monitor and many services become more immediate and convenient. With real-time monitoring and programming on data, the number of events to be automated to achieve ecological environment and energy monitoring. The accumulated data of the real-time monitoring can be open data. Open Data is the policy which is strongly encouraged to all government agencie, and this is the trend for the world’s government to promote data opening up.
 
The main methods of this study, mainly using the following two methods of project:

1. Documentary Research & Literature Analysis

Collection and analysis of existing, text-based forms of information, including personal publishing, official publishing and publication of the literature, the mass media coverage of the three categories.

2. In-depth Interview Method

Interviews were conducted in a structured or low-structured manner; interviewers formed questions about the key points of the research topic and asked questions during the interview. In-depth interviews were conducted to understand the subjective experience of the interviewees and to explore the depth of the individual's social context.
 
Through visited related people of the Taroko National Park, by using collection and discovery mathods on the Taroko National Park can be improved and enhanced:

1. Lack of long-term monitoring facilities: monitoring data can not be sustained, the opening of the adverse and the use of information.
2. Lack of Internet of Things Services: monitoring data need to Internet of things to get back in series of projects, such as: traffic statistics, temperature, air quality.
3. Lack of APP mobile devices: can not provide more value-added applications, such as: AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), LBS (Location Based Service) applications.
4. Lack of dedicated common server: the above-mentioned related technology applications need a server to provide services.
5. Data collection, exchange and access mechanisms: phase of the project lack of clear information convergence format.
6. Recreational and tour services: It can be supplemented with the application of AR, VR, LBS to enhance the recreation and tour services.

 
In view of the above observations, our team has given the Taroko National Park recommendations to improve or strengthen the existing or lacking areas:

1. Recommendation I: Proposed long-term monitoring and data collection, exchange and access

1. Establish long-term monitoring, based on continuous monitoring of information and open data for general public use.
2. Establish interim ad hoc data collection standards for the import of research material for all types of ad hoc studies.
3. Retrieve data from external unit of practical data interface, to avoid building similar systems.
4. Integrate long-term monitoring data and phased project data for Open Data and publicly open for general public access.
5. The above open data can be applied to different devices, such as: electronic billboards, web pages, APP.

2. Recommendation II: recreation experience and guide commentary recommendations

1. Plan AR (Augmented Reality) related application content, to enhance the public's understanding of recreation experience and guide impression.
2. Plan VR (Virtual Reality) related application content, such as: recording 360 ° / 720 ° panorama image.
3. Apply LBS to improve the problem of insufficient spatial indicators.
4. The use of interactive maps to facilitate visitors to quickly query the things whom want to concern, such as: Taiwan Blue Magpie distribution points, azaleas distribution points.

3. Recommendation III: Disaster prevention and control recommendations
   1. It is recommended to use Drone to monitor a wide range of national park sites, exploration difficult to enter the site, such as: landslides, illegal logging, illegal poaching and other matters.
4. Recommendation IV: Initial recommendations (immediate and feasible recommendations)
   1. Build the infrastructure: Build a common server and develop a mobile device APP.
   2. Long-term monitoring: The selected traffic / visitor count system is used as the initial project for long-term monitoring. This data is also one of the main sources of data collection. It can be applied to Open Data and open to general public.
   3. Convergence Scheme for Periodic Projects: Standardize the convergence format of the project for different research projects to import the data into the server according to the standard of convergence format.
   4. Planning the application of AR relevant content: Select the important scenic spots, and plan and build the scheduled AR content, in order to deepen the visitors to the recreation and navigation experience.
   5. Planning VR related content applications: recording 360 ° / 720 ° panorama images, and planning applied to the APP.
   6. UAV / Drone: At the beginning of the first through the air camera shooting panoramic images, to get clear of the device of the characteristics and performance.
5. Recommendation V: Medium- and long-term recommendations
   1. Infrastructure: Strengthen the stability and reliability of the common server and make the planning of the high availability service.

2. Long-term monitoring: continue to select different parking lots to install traffic / visitor statistics system, assess important natural environmental attractions, such as: cherry peripheral temperature monitoring, water quality monitoring and air monitoring.
3. Data connection: select the external unit  which has provided useful services, such as: weather information and road information.
4. Planning the application of the AR: Build the site data and related metadata.
5. UAV / Drone: cooperate with professional Drone merchants, and use UAV / Drone to do the environmental monitoring.
 
Ｗith time progresses, information technology is also constantly changing. Combined with appropriate practical applications of science and technology and concepts to reach the wisdom National Park, thus contributing to the sustainable development of conservation areas, increasing energy conservation, and strengthen the National Park offers visitors the ability to interact and experience the intellectual environment and reduce the impact of the integrated development of recreation, reach environmental maintenance and conservation depth, is also the target for allover advanced national Parks.