本研究在不同的自然旅遊環境中，對於受測者參與活動、心理收穫(遊憩體驗)、心理效益(狀態焦慮)及生理效益(大腦與肌肉放鬆反應)間之影響與相關性。受測者心理收穫部分係根據戶外遊憩體驗(Outdoor recreation experience)的評估方式，探討不同環境對於受測者遊憩體驗所造成之差異。心理效益則以狀態焦慮(state anxiety)代表，探討不同環境對於減輕受測者狀態焦慮值(state anxiety)的差異。另藉心理生理學(Psychophysiology)之測量方法，將受測者與生理回饋儀器相連接，監測其接受不同環境刺激時，連帶產生之生理反應間的差異。
本研究於太魯閣國家公園及中部著名休閒農場選取適合之地點，共計6個地點，拍攝約20秒之有聲動畫做為環境生心理測試之刺激源。以遊憩體驗量表評估受測者之遊憩體驗滿意度。心理效益則以狀態焦慮量表評估受測者觀看影片後之狀態焦慮值為代表；生理效益部分則利用生理回饋儀器量測受測者觀看影片後之「左腦α波值，EEG-a」、「右腦α波值，EEG-b」及「前額肌電值，EMG」。另請受測者口頭描述在各環境中可能從事之活動，將其回答紀錄並以質性分析軟體Atlas.ti V5.0近行內容分析。
經驗證分析結果顯示，受測者在戶外欲從事之遊憩活動可分為三大類：主動探索型(active)、心靈探索型(passive)與中間型(neutral)，而且傾向於在高山環境及溪流環境中從事主動探索型的遊憩活動；在其他景觀類型則是傾向從事心靈探索型的活動。
在探討環境與遊憩體驗間之關連性發現不同的景觀環境類型會給人明顯不同的遊憩體驗感受。其中以溪流環境所給予人們的遊憩體驗滿意度為最高；而海岸環境所給予人們的遊憩體驗滿意度則相對的較低。在探討活動與遊憩體驗間之關連性則發現參與活動類型不同會給人明顯不同的遊憩體驗感受。其中以主動探索型的活動之所獲得之遊憩體驗滿意度較高。
在探討環境、活動、體驗與效益間之關連性則發現僅在心理效益部分與環境、活動、體驗間有顯著的關連，在生理效益部分則不明顯。
關鍵字：自然旅遊、生心理效益、前額肌電值(EMG)、腦波(EEG)、狀態焦慮、遊憩體驗
Abstract
Participants’ Recreational Experiences and Psychophysiological Benefits in the Nature-based Tourism Environments
Meng-Tzu Chou
The propose of this study was to discuss the relationships between participants’ activities, psychological outcome (recreation experience), psychological benefits (state anxiety), and physical benefits (EEG-a, EEG-b, and EMG) in different nature-based tourism environments. Participants’ psychological outcomes were evaluated based on outdoor recreation theories to explore the influence of different environments on participants’ recreation experiences. Based on the psychophysiology theories, this study also evaluated participants’ psychological and physiological benefits to understand the influence of different environments on those psychophysiological indexes.
Six spots in Taroko National Park and the noted leisure farms of midst Taiwan were selected. Each spots was filmed for 20 seconds as the stimuli of environment psychophysiological test. The recreation experience scale was used to assess participants’ recreation experience satisfaction. The summed score of State Anxiety Inventory was on behalf of the participants’ psychological benefits. The right and left sphere Alpha Brain Waves (EEG-a, EEG-b) and the forehead Electromyography (EMG) recorded by biofeedback instruments was on behalf of the participants’ physical benefits. In addition, the participants were asked to answer some activities they would take after watching the films in words. The answers were recorded and analyzed by Atlas.ti V5.0.
The results showed that participants’ outdoor activities could be divided into three categories: Active, Passive and Neutral. Most participants tended to take Active activities in Mountain and River environments; and take Passive activities in the rest environments.
For the relationship between environments and recreation experience, it is obvious that different environments could induce different recreation experiences. Participants generally thought that River environment provided most recreation experience satisfaction and Seashore environment provided least. For the relationship between activity and recreation experience, it is also found that different activities could induce different recreation experiences and participants considered that taking Active activities induced most recreation experience satisfaction.
For the relationship between environments, activities, experiences, and benefits, the present study showed that there was significant correlation between psychological benefits, environments, activities, and experiences. On the physical part, the correlation was insignificant.
Keywords: Nature-based tourism, Psychophysiological benefits, the forehead Electromyography (EMG), Brain waves (EEG), State anxiety, Recreation experience