本計畫目標為強化太魯閣國家公園園區野生動物之保育及永續利用，依循國家公園野生動物資源於保育及永續利用兩大政策主軸，建立有效整合管理模式。本計畫整合分析園區既有野生動物資源調查文獻，並彙整國內外之國家公園野生動物資源永續利用法規與管理相關文獻，包括野生動物法規及保護區涉及原住民議題等資料。本計畫執行期間為2023年5月17日至2024年12月31 日止。研究區域包括三棧與西拉岸地區內太魯閣國家公園一般管制區範圍，其在三棧為管(三)，位在三棧北溪以南區域，面積共2,000公頃。西拉岸地區包括 希達岡社舊址區域管(二)地區共100公頃。本計畫於上述兩區與及周邊擇點進行中大型野生動物、飛鼠及雉科鳥類調查。西拉岸地區設立4個樣區及三棧地區設定16個樣區，合計共20個樣區，2023年9月於三棧區增設三個樣區，累積共23個。本計畫在過夜處利用一台長時間錄音設備，記錄周邊的大赤鼯鼠和白面鼯鼠鳴叫聲，其所記錄時間為2023年9月及2024年2月、5月及8月。動物痕跡調查於2023年7月架設自動相機開始，之後相機巡視同時進行，共累積 七次，分別是2023年9月、2024年1月、2月、5月及8月中下旬。

　　本計畫執行過程亦宣導在地原住民參與野生動物監測工作模式，永續利用之概念。本計畫就相關權益關係人與機構，辦理工作坊或座談會及野生動物保育培力課程進行意見交流彙集。本計畫歷經數次跟部落社區頭人的接洽，直至2024年1月5日在前鄉代、現任鄉代主席及部落會議主席的協助下，利用部落會議討論水泥業者持續開礦議題的空檔，跟與會的族人報告，取得大家同意在部落進行此計畫，可以進行與獵人、居民討論、參與觀察與訪談。本計畫在3 月30日、4月14日及4月27日及9月29日於三棧部落針對獵人組織會員共舉辦四次工作坊與兩次野生動物保育培力課程，內容包括檢討自動相機架設位置、自動相機原理及介紹、改良式獵具及相機拍攝到之物種介紹，其他地區原住民自主授獵之組織運作。本計畫共完成五位獵人訪談，得知目前三棧部落獵人數量已較過去減少許多，但現在以18-30歲之間的年輕人較為活躍，尤其使用獵槍狩獵的主要族群為年輕人，中年以上較為年長者以放置陷阱為主。本計畫工作坊討論議題建議未來三棧溪為主要經營管理範圍，尤其是南溪，上下游為範疇，上游國家公園園區內部落獵人以監測巡護為主，而國家公園園區外之林班地或保留地，以原住民自主狩獵相關的回報，輔以自動相機的監測，建置與在地族人的夥伴關係。

　　本計畫自動相機資料彙整2023年7月5日至2024年11月23日間，23台自動相機樣區共執行249,102工作小時，14,746張有效照片，共記錄14種哺乳動物、19種鳥類。山羌有最高9002張的有效照片，整體OI值為33.61±56.49， 除了西拉岸樣區一外，其他樣區都有拍攝紀錄。水鹿於本計畫調查中共記錄到4張有效照片，分別於2023年10月於新城樣區六、2024年7月於新城樣區二及2024年8月於砂婆礑樣區二。在狩獵壓力最高的三棧區域3個樣區內野生動物拍攝紀錄最少，水鹿、野豬及山羊皆未發現。推測原因是可能是長期以來三 棧獵人都在該部落附近狩獵之故。有關四季之間物種出現的平均OI值，山羌、 獼猴及食蟹獴於夏季時有較高出沒，這或與多數野生動物物種於秋冬交配，春季出生，夏季幼體成熟獨立離開親代有關。就三棧、三棧山、中美、西拉岸、砂婆礑山及新城山樣區所紀錄到野生動物資源，以砂婆礑山地區最豐富，比其他地區多了水鹿、穿山甲、黃鼠狼及黑長尾雉。本計畫以相機樣區所拍攝到物 種數及OI值作為數值，其中哺乳類物種去除不知名種類及犬貓，鳥類只採用走 禽類物種，計算香農多樣性指數，其中多樣性指數超過1.6，在砂婆礑山區02 及05和新城山區02及06共4樣區，上述樣區應可做為未來長期三棧部落之動物資源監測樣區。所有相機點位依架設位置可分成國家公園轄區內、邊界及轄區外，就所拍攝到原住民狩獵物種，即四種偶蹄類及獼猴與藍腹鷴之平均OI值進行統計，並未有明顯差異。2023年9月至2024年8月錄音機所記錄到飛鼠叫聲之時間次數合計，飛鼠於日落之後為其活動開始，19點至22點此段時間鳴叫活動旺盛。

　　針對國內外之國家公園野生動物資源永續利用法規與管理模式文獻回顧，本次報告以加拿大與澳洲國家公園相關原住民狩獵的個案經驗，做進一步的爬梳與敘述。國內部分則以2021年雪霸國家公園於司馬限林道之狩獵試辦區調查作為範例呈現。本計畫就國家公園法內禁止狩獵規範未修訂前，提出三棧部落野生動物資源永續利用守則，其建議事項如下：A.太魯閣國家公園園區內野生動物資源納入原住民共管機制；B.依照三棧部落既有獵人主要狩獵區域(含在國家公園轄區內)配合法令協議定為整合共管區之操作模式範圍；C.狩獵行為轉換成野生動物資源共管模式內之行為；D.一般狩獵(自用型)，不於國家公園轄區內執行，協會需收集獵人回報獵物資料，每季整合匯報給共管單位；E.文化狩獵(祭典等部落協會所決定之狩獵活動)則採用申請制(向共管單位申請)，若相關 法令修訂後或可進入國家公園一般管制轄區內。該項資源利用守則事項曾在2024年9月29日於三棧部落舉辦工作坊討論過，參與會員並無異議。

　　規劃園區邊界之緩衝區作為小區域整合管理模式探討及建議，本計畫以台江國家公園的家園守護區之經驗，依循其具體目標，A.守護歷史、生態、產業，使居民與環境共存；B.以在地資源推動產業；C.讓居民了解國家公園運作內容，以增進雙方共識；D.就由輔導、辦說明會與活動方式，使居民了解保育理念。本計畫建議太魯閣國家公園管理處聯合林業保育署花蓮分署、秀林鄉公所、花蓮縣政府、甚至水利署河川局等機關，並邀請三棧部落代表若干名，設置三棧家園守護圈治理平台，以三棧溪為主體軸心，就國家公園界線內、三棧部落聚落區及聚落區到海岸線三區，分別依其重點與原則，效仿家園守護圈計 畫治理，促進部落發展，保育生物多樣性。

關鍵字：太魯閣國家公園、太魯閣族三棧部落、野生動物資源保育 

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　The goal of this project is to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife in Taroko National Park. Following the dual policy themes of wildlife conservation and sustainable use in national parks, this project aims to establish an effective integrated management model. The project involves synthesizing existing wildlife survey literature within the park and compiling domestic and international regulations and management literature on the sustainable use of wildlife resources in national parks, including laws on wildlife and indigenous issues related to protected areas. The project runs from May 17, 2023, to December 31, 2024, covering the general control zones in the Sanjhan and Silanan areas within Taroko National Park. In Sanjhan, the management zone (Sanjhan-3) is located south of the Sanjhan North Stream, covering an area of 2,000 hectares, while the Silanan area includes the Hidagan site management zone (Silanan-2), totaling 100 hectares. Wildlife surveys, focusing on medium-to-large mammals, flying squirrels, and pheasant species, are conducted in these zones and surrounding areas. Four sample zones are established in the Silanan area, and 16 in Sanjhan, with an additional three sample zones added in Sanjhan in September 2023, bringing the total to 23. Long-term acoustic monitoring devices were deployed at overnight sites to record the calls of Petaurista petaurista and Pteromyscus pulverulentus in September 2023, February, May, and August 2024. Wildlife trace surveys began in July 2023 with camera traps, followed by seven rounds of monitoring in September 2023, January, February, May, and late August 2024.

　The project promotes indigenous community participation in wildlife monitoring and sustainable use. Workshops, forums, and wildlife conservation training sessions were held to gather input from stakeholders, including indigenous communities. After multiple engagements with tribal leaders, a tribal meeting on January 5, 2024, with the assistance of local representatives, approved the project for activities such as discussions, observations, and interviews with hunters and residents. Four workshops and two wildlife conservation training sessions were conducted in Sanjhan on March 30, April 14, April 27, and September 29, focusing on topics such as camera trap placement, operational principles, species captured by the cameras, and indigenous hunting practices. Interviews with five hunters revealed a significant decline in hunter numbers in Sanjhan, with active hunters now predominantly aged 18-30, mainly using firearms, while older hunters rely on traps. Discussions emphasized managing the Sanjhan Creek area, focusing on the upstream and downstream sections within the national park and promoting community-based wildlife management and indigenous co-management outside park boundaries.

　Camera trap data from July 5, 2023, to November 23, 2024, totaled 249,102 operational hours across 23 sample zones, capturing 14,746 valid images documenting 14 mammal and 19 bird species. Muntjacs had the highest number of valid images (9,002), with an overall occupancy index (OI) of 33.61±56.49. Sambar deer were recorded in four images across three sample zones. Areas with high hunting pressure, such as Sanjhan, had the fewest wildlife records, with no sightings of sambar deer, wild boars, or goats, likely due to extensive local hunting. Seasonal analysis showed muntjacs, macaques, and crab-eating mongooses were more active in summer, correlating with breeding and offspring maturation cycles. Wildlife diversity was highest in the Sapodang Mountain area, with additional species like sambar deer, pangolins, yellow-throated martens, and black long-tailed pheasants recorded. The Shannon diversity index exceeded 1.6 in five sample zones, suggesting these are ideal for long-term monitoring. Indigenous hunting species, such as ungulates, macaques, and Swinhoe's pheasants, showed no significant differences in OI values across zones inside and outside the park. Acoustic monitoring from September 2023 to August 2024 revealed flying squirrels were most vocal from 7 PM to 10 PM after sunset.

　A review of international and domestic literature on the sustainable use of wildlife resources in national parks highlighted case studies from Canada and Australia and the hunting pilot zone in Shei-Pa National Park in 2021. Before revising the hunting prohibition under the National Park Act, the project proposed a sustainable use code for Sanjhan, including: A. Incorporating indigenous co- management mechanisms for wildlife resources in the park; B. Establishing co- management zones based on traditional hunting areas; C. Allowing specific hunting activities within co-management frameworks; D. Reporting and integrating hunting data quarterly; and E. Implementing a permit system for cultural hunting within the park’s general control zones. This code was discussed in a September 29, 2024, workshop without objections.

　To explore and recommend small-scale integrated management models, the project proposed a buffer zone governance platform, drawing on experiences from the Taijiang National Park’s Home Guard Zone. Recommendations include safeguarding history, ecology, and industries to foster coexistence between residents and the environment, promoting local resource-based industries, and enhancing community understanding of park operations. The project suggests forming a governance platform involving local agencies and tribal representatives to focus on Sanjhan Creek, applying principles from the Home Guard Zone for community development and biodiversity conservation.

Keywords: Taroko National Park, Truku Sanjhan Tribe, Wildlife Resource Conservation